History of Keratopigmentation göz rengi değiştirme ankara ankara göz rengi
HISTORY OF CORNEAL TATTOOING
The practice of corneal tattooing or keratopigmentation is by no means a new surgical technique.In fact, it was practiced in a very rudimentary way in ancient times and it was sporadtcally used to treat corneal opacities.
Galen and Aetius Period (131-450 AD )
The famous Roman physician and philosopher Galen of Pergamum (131-210 AD), was the first to performed corneal tattooing and he is considered the first physician who pigmented a human cornea.
Tattooing of the opaque cornea was practiced in a crude way by the ancients, the procedure first being described by Galen (150 AD) and later by Aetius (450 AD), both of whom attempted to cover-up leukomatous opacities by cauterizing the surface with a heated stylet and applying powdered nutgalls and iron (ferric tannate) or pulverized pomegranate bark mixed with a copper salt.'s These procedures were probably performed only in patients with an unsightly corneal scarring.
Louis Von Wecker Period (1869-1870)
After G thpractice of corneal tattooing is not mentioned in the literature until 1869, when Louis Von Wecker an oculoplastic surgeon introduced a new method.? Fourteen centuries passed until Wecker designed, devise and put into practice the modern keratopigmentation method of procedure.It was also the first to use black ink, also called India ink. The author applied cocaine to anesthetize the eye surface, then covered the cornea with a thick ink solution and inserted the pigment with a needle. This method has influenced all subsequent methods since then
After Galen, the practice of corneal tattooing is not mentioned in the literature until 1869, when Louis Von Wecker an oculoplastic surgeon introduced a new method.? Fourteen centuries passed until Wecker designed, devise and put into practice the modern keratopigmentation method of procedure.It was also the first to use black ink, also called India ink. The author applied cocaine to anesthetize the eye surface, then covered the cornea with a thick ink solution and inserted the pigment with a needle. This method has influenced all subsequent methods since then He acknowledged that the suggestion came from a simple inquiry in regard to the possible treatment of a clinical case. made by his then student, Abadie, but stated emphatically that the revival of this procedure and the details of technique were holly his own. The details of his technique and procedures were published by the head of the clinic, Pomier of Pau in 1870." Years later, in 1872, the author reintroduced the same principle but with the application of India ink.'
Other Authors (1870-1900)
Keratopigmentation gained popularity and many authors in the late 1870s and early 1900s suggested different indications and the use of a variety of dyes, several devices were designed and different techniques of application were proposed.?
These earlier trials were limited to the use of black om India ink, which was employed to fill in the pupillary area, to outline the iris circle, and occasionally to stipple the iris radiations.' During the succeeding decade, tattooing with multicolor pigments to imitate the natural iris stroma was attempted with considerable success by Dunnage,' Taylor, 0 Woinow,'" Hasner," and Archer 1 in Europe and by Levis,' Williams,'s Thomson,16 and Mathewson! in America.
Taylor's contribution attracted more attention than others chiefly because he advocated the use of a bundle of needles, which de Wecker on trial found to be more practical and efficient than his own single grooved needle, and so promptly adopted Taylor's suggestion.
Ziealer's Period (1883-1973)
Born in Glenn Tannery, Luzerne, Pennsylvania, USA on November 1883, Dr Samuel Lewis Ziegler is considered the father of modern keratopigmentation. His research in corneal tattooing is revealed through this work titled "Multicolor Tattooing of the Cornea", published in 1922. Most of the aspects commented in this chapter, are known through his extensive knowledge on this matter He not only performed the corneal tattoo, but also recommended the type of pigments that should be used commented his protocol and his technique, mentioned the instruments required to perform the surgical procedure, created a list of colors and their chemical composition and made a compilation of all the information, authors and their historv, related to corneal tattooing available at that moment Dr Ziegler is going to be mentioned manytimes in this book because he had been the promoter of keratopigmentation in our times and his techniques remain valid after many vears.
